Inhalación masiva de amoniaco: reporte de dos casos / Massive ammonia inhalation: report of two cases

Ammonia (NH3) is an irritant and corrosive gas whose inhalation at high concentrations mainly occurs during agricultural and industrial activities, as occupational accidents. The extent and severity of the damage depends on the concentration and time of exposure to the toxic, which can cause skin, eye, respiratory and life-threatening injuries. We present two cases of patients acutely exposed to high concentrations of NH3. Both patients survived to the acute phase of the respiratory injury, but developed chronic lung derangements.

El amoniaco (NH3) es un gas irritante y corrosivo cuya inhalación aguda en altas concentraciones se produce principalmente durante accidentes laborales en el sector agrícola e industrial. La extensión y severidad del daño depende de la concentración y tiempo de exposición al tóxico, el cual puede causar lesiones a nivel cutáneo, ocular, respiratorio y riesgo vital. Presentamos dos casos de pacientes expuestos en forma aguda a NH3 en altas concentraciones. Ambos pacientes sobrevivieron a la fase aguda y evolucionaron con lesiones respiratorias crónicas.

Qualidade da silagem de grãos de milho com adição de soja crua e parâmetros de digestibilidade parcial e total em bovinos / Quality of high moisture corn grain silage with addition of raw soybean grains and parameters of partial and total digestibility in cattle

Avaliou-se a qualidade da silagem de grãos úmidos de milho com adição de soja crua, por meio de medidas de digestibilidade parcial e total em bovinos. Foram utilizados três animais mestiços Nelore x Red Angus, implantados com cânulas ruminal e duodenal. O delineamento experimental foi o quadrado latino 3x3, com os seguintes tratamentos: SGM66= 60 por cento de volumoso, 26,6 por cento de silagem de grãos de milho e 13,4 por cento de farelo de soja e milho moído; SGM33= 60 por cento de volumoso, 13,4 por cento de silagem de grãos de milho e 26,6 por cento de farelo de soja e milho moído, e GMS= 60 por cento de volumoso e 40 por cento de farelo de soja e milho moído. A digestão e a digestibilidade da matéria seca não foram influenciadas pela inclusão de SGM na dieta. A dieta SGM66 aumentou a digestibilidade de matéria seca no intestino em relação à dieta GMS. Não houve efeito da inclusão da silagem de grãos na digestão e na digestibilidade das frações fibra em detergente ácido e fibra em detergente neutro da ração, bem como no fluxo ruminal e intestinal do amido. A SGM66 melhorou a digestibilidade total da proteína bruta, mas não mostrou efeito sobre a digestibilidade total da matéria seca, da fibra e do amido e sobre o ambiente ruminal no que se refere à acidez e à concentração de amônia.

The quality of high moisture corn grain silage with addition of raw soybean grains was evaluated by measures of partial and total digestibilities in cattle. Three crossbred Nelore x Red Angus steers averaging 305kg of live weigth and fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used. The experimental design was a 3x3 Latin square, and the steers received the following treatments: HMGS66 = 60 percent roughage, 26.6 percent high moisture grain silage, and 13.4 percent soybean meal and ground corn; HMGS33 = 60 percent roughage, 13.4 percent high moisture grain silage, and 26.6 percent soybean meal and ground corn; and GC = 60 percent roughage and 40 percent soybean meal and ground corn. The digestion and digestibility of dry matter was not influenced by the inclusion of HMGS in the diet. HMGS66 increased intestinal dry matter digestibility in relation to GC. The inclusion of high moisture corn grain silage did not affect acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber digestions and digestibilities. The diet did not affect total intake of starch, as well ruminal and intestinal flow of starch. HMGS66 improved total digestibility of crude protein, but did not show effect on total digestibilities of dry matter, fiber, starch, and pH and ammonia concentration in the rumen.

Sequelas laríngeas devido inalação acidental de amônia anidra / Laryngeal sequelae due to accidental inhalation of anhydrous ammonia

Introdução: Amônia Anidra (AA) é um cáustico comumente usado na indústria que, acidentalmente, pode causar queimaduras, mesmo com um breve contato. Como ocorre com outras queimaduras por álcalis, a lavagem precoce remove a AA das áreas afetadas e é fundamental para limitar a lesão tecidual. A concentração do tóxico e a duração do contato determinam o grau de destruição da pele e das mucosas. Um caminhão carregado de AA (NH3) capotou na estrada, liberando densa nuvem de gás AA. Cinquenta e quatro pessoas inalaram o gás e, depois de noventa dias, três pessoas ainda apresentavam rouquidão, sendo por nós examinadas. Relalto do Caso: Avaliamos três pacientes com sequelas laríngeas por queimadura após inalação de AA. Encontramos um caso de hiperemia e edema, um de granuloma de 1/3 posterior de prega vocal esquerda e um de sinéquia de pregas vocais. São comentados os achados de necropsia, tanto macro quanto microscopicamente. São discutidas as sequelas apresentadas, bem como os melhores tratamentos.

Introduction: Anhydrous Ammonia (AA) is a caustic compound commonly used in the industry that can cause burns, even with brief contact. As with other alkali burns, the early washing to remove the AA from burnt areas is crucial to limit tissue damage. The concentration of toxic agent and duration of its contact determine the degree of skin and mucosa destruction. A tanker truck carrying AA (NH3) fell off a highway, and released a dense cloud of AA gas. Fifty-four people inhaled the gas and after ninety days, three people were still experiencing hoarseness and were examined. Case Report: We assessed three patients with laryngeal sequelae due to AA inhalation burn. We found a case of hyperemia and edema, one case of granuloma of the posterior third portion of the left vocal cord, and one case of vocal cord adhesion. Necropsy findings are commented both macroscopically and microscopically. The sequelae and the best treatments for them are discussed herein.

Studies on flavobacterium columnare isolated from fresh water fish

Flavobacterium columnre is one of the most important bacterial pathogens of wild, farmed and ornamental fish in warm, and also in fresh and sea water causing columnaris disease. In the present study one hundred and forty Nile tilapia were collected from different localities of farms from El-Behera governorate and Kafr El-sheikh provinces. The clinical signs of the disease were detected and the pathological lesions were recorded. Bacteriological examination of samples of naturally infected fish with Flavobacterium columnare revealed that the characteristics colonies on cytophaga agar media. Sixty seven suspected isolates were isolated and biochemically identified by API-20 E system. The distribution of the gained isolates among organs denoted 33 isolates from gills [49.25%], 20 isolates from kidneys [29-85%], 12 isolates from deep layer of dorsal musculature [17.91%], one isolate from both spleen and intestine [1.49%], but it was not isolated from the liver. The pathogencity experiment indicated wide variation among Flavobacterium columnare isolates. Isolate number 10 was the most virulent isolate as it caused 100% mortality two weeks post injection followed by isolate number 7, 3 caused 45, 25% mortality. The clinical signs and the post mortem examination revealed the same signs and lesions of natural infection with Flavobacterium columnare beside severe oedematous swelling at site of injection. The median lethal dose [LD50] of the highly virulent isolate was 10[5] viable bacterial cells /ml. Stress factors, temperature, PH, unionized ammonia and dissolved oxygen affects on the pathogencity of the organism. In vitro antibiotic sensitivity test of 5 isolates revealed that the most effective drug Cefotaxime [60%]. While the less effective one, were Neomycin, Norfloxacin and Rifampcin [100%] then Doxycyclin, Cephalexin, Florfenicel, Gentamycin and Marbocyl [80%] then Cefalor, Tetracycline and Ciprofloxacin [60%]. On the other hand, Erthromycin, Ampicillin [80%] had no effect

Ammonia poisoning causes muscular but not liver damage in cattle

Twelve steers were intraruminally administered a high dose (0.5g/kg BW) of urea to study the damage effect of ammonia poisoning on liver and/or muscles. Blood samples were collected to determine ammonia and activities of gammaGT, AST and CK. Eleven steers were successfully poisoned and treated properly, but one succumbed. Poisoned cattle showed high concentration of ammonia, and higher activities of AST and CK. The higher the ammonia, the greater were the activities of AST (r=0.59) and CK (r=0.61). The correlation between AST and CK was high and significant (r=0.80), but not between AST and gammaGT (r=0.19). The activities of AST and CK were higher after the beginning of the convulsive episodes due to ammonia poisoning. Those results showed that occurred muscle damage instead of liver damage since CK is a typical enzyme from skeletal muscle; AST is found either in skeletal muscle and hepatocytes, while gammaGT is present in hepatic cells.

Doze novilhos foram experimentalmente intoxicados por administração intrarruminal com alta dose de uréia (0,5g/kg PV) para estudar o efeito da intoxicação por uréia sobre o fígado e/ou musculatura. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue no decorrer do experimento para determinar o teor de amônia e as atividades de gama glutamiltransferase (gamaGT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e creatina quinase (CK). Onze novilhos apresentaram quadro clínico típico de intoxicação por amônia, porém um animal sucumbiu. Animais intoxicados apresentaram alto teor de amônia e elevada atividade de CK e AST. Quanto mais elevados foram os teores de amônia maiores foram as atividades de AST (r=0,59) e CK (0,61). A correlação entre AST e CK foi alta e significativa (r=0,80), ocorrendo o inverso com AST e gamaGT (r=0,19). Tanto a atividade de AST como de CK aumentaram significativamente a partir dos episódios convulsivos decorrentes da intoxicação por amônia. Estes resultados indicam que ocorreu uma expressiva lesão muscular, mas não hepática, visto que a CK é uma enzima típica da musculatura estriada; e o AST encontra-se tanto na musculatura estriada como nos hepatócitos, enquanto que a gamaGT está presente somente em células hepáticas.

Avaliação da adição de nitrato de amônia para redução de odor nos esgotos de Pereira Barreto-SP: reflexos na qualidade da água do reservatório de Três Irmãos, após dez anos de aplicação / Evaluation of the addition of ammonium nitrate to the sewer system in Pereira Barreto-SP, in order to reduce the odor: reflections upon the quality of the water in the Três Irmãos reservoir, after ten years of application

Avalia a alteração da água da região de lançamento dos efluentes domésticos no reservatório de Três Irmãos, em virtude da aplicação de nitrato de amônia, para controle de odor, na rede coletora de esgotos do município de Pereira Barreto desde 1996. Foram realizadas 6 campanhas , com frequência bimestral, no período de outubro a agosto de 2005. As amostras foram coletadas em seis pontos, sendo cinco no reservatório, e um na ETE-Pereira Barreto. Em cada estação no reservatório, as amostras foram tomadas à superfície, à meia profundidade e fundo. Obtiveram-se amostras de água e esgoto para análise de parâmetros físicos, químicos e hidrobiológicos. Para melhor avaliar a qualidade da água, como também do efluente final da ETE, foram efetuados o Teste de Postos com Sinais de Wilcoxon para pares combinados (método não-paramétrico), análise de componentes principais (ACP) e Análise de Agrupamento (Cluster). Os resultados mostram que os níveis de nitrogênio nitrato na água e no efluente final situaram-se bem abaixo do limite máximo estabelecido pelo CONAMA 357/05 para águas da Classe 2 (10mg/L) Conclui-se que a prática da adição de nitrato de amônia para reduzir os odores em rede coletoras de esgotos sanitários, sob o ponto de vista ambiental, não apresentou potencial para acarretar impacto negativo no corpo receptor, e que a região de estudo no reservatório é um ambiente bem oxigênado, inclusive nas camadas mais profundas, com baixos teores de turbidez e pH levemente alcalino, entretanto, com alta condutibilidade elétrica e elevadas concentrações de nutrientes (fósforo e amônia), principalmente no Período de verão. Este fato é devido à influência principalmente do esgoto domético que é lançado nesta área.

Ammonia stress and histopathological changes of broiler internal organs under closed environment

The current experiment established to figure out the effect of ammonia exposure for two intermittent periods [1st at 22-26 days old with 120-ppm and 2nd at 31-35 days old with 150 ppm] / 24 hours, on the bird internal organs [liver, spleen,lung,air sac and bursa fabricus from the histo-pathological aspect under controlled broiler ecosystem through summer. The micrographs of Control birds were remarked by the moderate features, that shown on liver at 28 and 42 days old .Spleen revealed mild features along 4-6 weeks old, moderate ones were only at 21 days. Bursa fabricius showed mild changes at 21 and 42 days .moderate ones at 28 and 42 days .while the severe changes were few at 28,35 and 42 days old that were contributed to the normal growth regressive behavior of this lymph organs, with age. Lung and air sacs showed mild changes at 3-6 weeks old and the moderate changes were only on lung at 2-5 weeks old. The micrographs of ammonia stressed birds revealed that liver post 1st exposure showed moderate histological changes at 26 days old with no remarked changes at both 35 and 42 days old except the mild changes. On regard to spleen, the moderate changes were at 26 and 35 days old while mild changes were at all ages .Bursa fabricius showed mild changes at 30 and 35 days old,the moderate changes were at 26 .35 and 42 days old, in addition the severe changes were shown at all ages. Lung micrographs revealed, mild changes at 26 days old .moderate changes were at 26,30 and 35 days old and the Severe changes were noticed at 35 days old,the effects looked cumulative and related to growth stage. Air sacs, remarked by mild changes at 26, 30 and 42 days old, moderate and severe changes were at 35 days old .Lung and air sacs were the most affected internal organs post 2nd period of ammonia exposure [26,30 and 35 days old] with moderate and severe histological changes with regard to the difference in degree of affections. Conclusively, ammonia gas was detrimental to broiler internal organs tissues architectures either due to the unexpected elevated level in control birds [8 ppm at 11 and 16 days old] or the experimental levels [120-150 ppm / 2 exposures] with regard to the birds age lesions intensity, organ specificity, environment kind and management,The results confirmed the harsh effect of ammonia exposure on lung and air sac tissues that were more prominent post 2nd exposure. The reversible effects on hem tissues [liver and spleen].The complex responses of BF to ammonia for its nature as lymph organ and involvement in immune responses and natural growth regressive behavior. Proper environmental management especially sources of indoor ammonia generation and emission could properly enable bird to recover and restore its normal tissues morphology and functions as shown during rest period to a great extent

Análisis del riesgo y evaluación de consecuencias en fugas de amoníaco en plantas de refrigeración / Analysis of risk and evaluation of consequences of ammonia escapes in refrigeration plants

Se realiza un análisis del riesgo de fugas de amoníaco en plantas de refrigeración para los trabajadores y la comunidad vecina a éstas. Mediante modelos matemáticos se evalúan los riesgos que producían las fugas en los escenarios más probables y extremos, incluyendo distintas condiciones de ventilación atmosférica. En el peor caso, que correspondería al vaciado del estanque recibidor se estimó que la propagación de la nube tóxica originada podría afectar con variadas consecuencias, incluyendo las fatales, hasta una distancia de 7 km. este tipo de escenario tiene una baja probabilidad de ocurrencia, no obstante es importante de considerar en los planes de emergencia porque sus consecuencias serían catastróficas.

Studies of some biochemical changes in the tissues of Catla catla (Hamilton), Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton) exposed to NH3-N, NO2-N and NO3-N.

Biochemical changes, total proteins, glycogen, aspartate and alanine (AAT and ALAT) amino transferases were studied with exposure of sublethal concentrations of NH3-N, NO2-N and NO3-N to the freshwater fish Catla catla (Hamilton), Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton). Depletion in the food reserves and enzyme activity was observed in all the three fish species exposed to these toxicants. Hence, the concentrations of NH3, NO2 and NO3 in water need to be monitored in water quality in aquaculture practices.

The toxicity of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate to the fish, Catla catla (Hamilton).

The acute toxicity of unionized ammonia; nitrite and nitrate to the Indian major carp Catla catla (Hamilton) was determined using static and continuous flow through systems for 24 hours. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values for 24 h of ammonia (NH3-N), nitrite (NO2-N) and nitrate (NO3-N) were 0.045 mg/l, 120.84 mg/l and 1565.43 mg/l in static test respectively and were 0.036 mg/l, 117.43 mg/l and 1484.08 mg/l in continuous flow through test respectively.

Quemaduras por agentes químicos / Chemical burns

Se realiza una revisión de la literatura nacional e internacional sobre quemaduras químicas. En primer término se describen las causas, la fisiopatología de las quemaduras y se presenta una clasificación de los compuestos químicos corrosivos que al ponerse en contacto con la piel general quemaduras químicas. Se destacan los ácidos inorgánicos, ácidos orgánicos, compuestos alcalinos y compuestos específicos que, por la naturaleza y gravedad de las lesiones que producen, requieren de una presentación individual, tales como el fósforo y el tetracloruro de titanio. A continuación se describen las medidas generales iniciales de tratamiento para toda quemadura química y algunas medidas especiales para corrosivos específicos de alta peligrosidad. Luego se definen las medidas de tratamiento local secundario. Por último, se incluye un párrafo especial para el manejo de las quemaduras oculares por agentes corrosivos. Al cierre, se destaca la necesidad de desarrollar una política educativa de prevención en el manejo de productos corrosivos como el mejor método par reducir la incidencia de lesiones graves

Daño broncopulmonar por inhalación masiva de amoniaco / Bronchopulmonary damage by massive ammonia ihnalation

El amoniaco es un importante producto químico de uso industrial. La inhalación accidental puede producir lesiones graves en las vías aéreas superiores e inferiores, llegando incluso a poner en peligro la vida. Presentamos tres casos con exposición aguda a vapor de amoniaco, mismos que desarrollaron insuficiencia respiratoria y lesiones corneales. Un paciente requirió asistencia mecánica ventilatoria en dos ocasiones; los otros dos presentaron insuficiencia respiratoria moderada y lesiones en epitelio corneal. Los tres sujetos requirieron broncodilatadores, antibióticos y esteroides. A los dos meses del accidente, los tres presentaban datos clínicos de irritación crónica de vías aéreas superiores; sus pruebas de función respiratoria y una tomografía de tórax revelaron lesión broncoalveolar y dilatación bronquial compatible con bronquiectasias. Dos pacientes mostraron edema de las paredes bronquiales y dilatación leve. La diferencia en la severidad de estos hallazgos pareció correlacionar con el grado de exposición al amoniaco.

Efectos asociados a exposición crónica a amoniaco industrial en un centro de desarrollo infantil en México Distrito Federal / Effects associated to chronic exposure to industrial ammonia in a child development center in Mexico City

Los maestros y los padres de familia de niños inscritos en una estancia infantil reportaron que durante los últimos dos años habían percibido, intramuros, olor a amoniaco proveniente de una fábrica de hielo adyacente. Objetivo. Determinar las concentraciones ambientales de amoniaco, y si los niños presentaban una prevalencia inusual de síntomas oculares o respiratorios. Diseño. Estudio retrospectivo de prevalencia que combina elementos de diseños de cohorte y transeccional. Contexto. Centro de Desarrollo Infantil (CENDI) del área metropolitana del D.F., mayo de 1998. Participantes. Usuarios de dos centros de desarrollo infantil, expuestos a emisiones industriales de amoniaco durante dos años y sus controles, en total 332 sujetos apareados por frecuencia. Mediciones. Evaluación clínica, frotis de moco nasal, cultivos de exudado faríngeo y evaluación del aire ambiental. Resultados. La razón de densidades incidencia de infecciones respiratorias agudas fue 6.69, y de conjuntivitis 10.95 con fracciones etiológicas de 0.85 y 0.09, respectivamente. Las prevalencias de tos, atrofia de concha (cornete) inferior, sibilancias, rinorreas, ocena, irritación ocular; descamación del epitelio nasal, monocitosis, neutrofilia fueron mayores entre los casos. Controlando el efecto del tabaquismo pasivo, los riesgos de atrofia de concha inferior, costras, rinorrea y tos, fueron mayores entre los casos con ambos factores. Conclusiones. Exposiciones crónicas a concentraciones bajas de amoniaco en el aire intramuros incrementan la prevalencia de patología ocular y nasofaríngea y podría tener el efecto inmunofarmacológico de exposiciones agudas a concentraciones superiores

Influencia de la temperatura sobre la tasa respiratoria de la carpa herbívora expuesta a las mexclas de amoníaco/ nitrito / Temperature effect on respiratory rate of grass carp exposed to ammonia/nitrite mixtures

En la carpa herbívora, Ctenopharyngodon idella se evaluó la respuesta respiratoria en juveniles (0,78+-0,04 g peso húmedo; n=120) expuestso por 15 días a lasmezclas de N-NH3/N-N=2 en razones de toxicidad 1:1 y tres diferentes unidades de toxicidad (UT) a diferentes temperaturas (24,29,y 32 grados C). Se midieron las tasas de consumo de oxígeno (mg02/h) y de extracción de oxígeno (por ciento). Los resultados se visualizaron a travez de superficies de respuesta generadas de las regresiones polinomiales obtenidas para cada temperatura. Los nueve modelos, altamente significativos, indicaron interacción entre las variables. Al comparar ambas respuestas se observó el fenómeno de compensación, al elevarse la Ut de las mezclas. Esto se atribuye a la activación de mecanismos que contrarestan la acción de los toxicos, lo que fué más evidente en 29 que en 32 grados C. Esta remperatura es la preferida por los juveniles de la especie por lo que es probable que ejerza un efecto protector ante combinaciones de compuestos nitrogenados estresantes

Genotoxic effect of ammonia exposure on workers in a fertilizer factory.

Cytogenetic investigations carried out on 22 workers exposed to ammonia in a fertilizer factory showed increased frequency of chromosome aberrations (2.00) and sister chromatid exchanges (5.21). Effect of smoking and/or drinking habits coupled with exposure to ammonia showed higher values of mitotic index, satellite associations and micronuclei in the exposed workers (6.50, 17.4 and 2.20 respectively) as compared to the controls (4.34, 8.11 and 0.14 respectively). The results indicate the genotoxic potential of ammonia gas in the ambient air of the work place.

Effect of some pollutants as stressors on some behavioural patterns and performance of broiler chickens

A total of 200 Hubbard day-old chicks of both sexes were raised together up to 2 weeks of age, then were randomly divided into four equal groups [I, II, III and IV] each of 50 birds. Each group was housed in a separate room. Group I was optimally accommodated and considered as the control, while in group II birds were exposed to 3000-3200 ppm of carbon dioxide. Group III was exposed to 100-125 ppm of ammonia, and group IV was exposed to sprinkling with 10 g fine dust for 15 minutes daily. The results showed that, exposure of broiler chickens to some noxious stimuli [stressers] throughout the rearing period significantly reduced feed consumption, weight gain and consequently feed conversion compared with the control group. In addition, investigative [feeding and drinking] and comfort [rest, sleep and preening] behaviors were influenced by stressers, on the other h and, there was a significant increase in occurrence of agonistic behavior [feather pecking and cannibalism] in the group exposed to stresses. This leads to increased mortality percentage among those birds

Síndrome de Reye: historia natural y niveles de prevención / The Reye Syndrome. natural history and prevention levels

Se hace una revisión del síndrome de Reye, con el esquema de la historia natural de la enfermedad y los niveles de prevención. Se hace énfasis en las medidas preventivas, ya que su mortalidad sigue elevada (10-15 por ciento en los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica). Se consideró esta revisión por la alta incidencia de enfermedades virales en los niños y debido a la costumbre de la automedicación que prevalece en la población

Effect of ammonia, urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP) on lung functions in fertilizer plant workers.

A spirometric study (FVC, FEV1 & PEFR/Min) was carried out in workers exposed to fertilizer chemicals (91) as a whole, out of which 31 were Ammonia, 30 Urea and 30 DAP plant workers, and 68 were controls belonging to the same age, sex, body surface area and socio-economic status. This study showed significant reduction in both PEFR/min and FEV1, the reduction being more in PEFR/Min., seems to indicate obstructive type of lung changes affecting the larger air-ways first, followed by bronchospasm. But FVC showed a significant reduction only after more than 10 years of exposure, probably causing restrictive changes only after prolonged exposure. Out of the 3 chemicals, DAP affected all the 3 parameters most, followed by Ammonia and Urea affected the least.

Relatório de levantamento de condiçöes de trabalho na Cooperativa Mista de Pesca Nipo Brasileira. Relatório especial para comunicaçäo de risco grave e iminente na Cooperativa Mista de Pesca Nipo Brasileira / Survey report of work conditions in the Cooperativa Mista de Pesca Nipo Brasileira. Special report for notice of severe and imminent risk in the Cooperativa Mista de Pesca Nipo Brasileira

Atendendo solicitaçäo do Sindicato dos Trabalhadores na Indústria da Alimentaçäo de Santos e regiäo, este levantamento das condiçöes de trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de identificar, nas instalaçöes da empresa, os riscos existentes que podem comprometer a saúde e segurança dos trabalhadores, apresentando recomendaçöes de medidas de controle correspondentes